| QUESTIONS | ANSWERS |
|---|---|
| What is this chemical? | Bismuth is a chemical element. It is generally considered to be the last naturally occurring stable, non-radioactive element on the periodic table, with an extremely long half-life.
Bismuth is not usually economical to mine so it is usually produced as a byproduct of the processing of other metal ores, especially lead, tungsten (China), tin, copper, and also silver (indirectly) or other metallic elements. The most important ores of bismuth are bismuthinite and bismite. |
| What is its purpose? | Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics, medicines, and in medical procedures. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine.
As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuth’s commercial importance. |
| Where is it found? |
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HEALTH CONCERNS Is this chemical a carcinogen? Bismuth is not considered a human carcinogen. How can it affect me? Bismuth and its compounds are less toxic than lead or antimony. It does not accumulate in the body. It is considered as one of the least toxic heavy metals. Bismuth poisoning exists and mostly affects the kidney and liver. Skin and respiratory irritation can also follow exposure to respective organs.
Bismuth and its salts can cause kidney damage, although the degree of such damage is usually mild. Large doses can be fatal. Industrially it is considered one of the less toxic of the heavy metals.Serious and sometimes fatal poisoning may occur from the injection of large doses into closed cavities and from extensive application to burns (in form of soluble bismuth compounds). As with lead, overexposure to bismuth can result in the formation of a black deposit on the gingiva.
Other toxic results may develop, such as vague feeling of bodily discomfort, presence of albumin or other protein substance in the urine, diarrhea, skin reactions and sometimes serious exodermatitis.
Are there controversial issues? No.
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